To access the dock options, you'll need to either Ctrl-click or right-click on the dock itself. However, most of the dock is taken up by icons, making it difficult to click. The easiest way to access these settings is to right-click the divider located to the left of the trash can icon.

Make sure Dock & Menu Bar is selected on the left side. You’ll then see settings for the Dock that should look pretty familiar to you. Use the slider at the top to adjust the Dock’s size, pick a position for it on your screen, select an animation for minimizing windows, and choose other options like automatically hiding and showing the Dock.